One of the most recognized and attractive symbols announcing the winter holiday season is the poinsettia.

With millions sold each year, poinsettias are one of the best-selling potted plants in the United States.

They are frequently used for decorating during the winter holidays and can be enjoyed as green plants throughout the year. There are more than 100 varieties of poinsettias available today.

Poinsettias, (Euphorbia pulcherrima), are in the spurge family. The bracts are sometimes mistaken as the petals of the flower. The colorful bracts attract insects to the small yellow flowers for pollination.

Poinsettias have a natural tendency to bloom during the Christmas season because they are short-day plants, which require long nights to produce their vibrant color.

Poinsettias can fit into many holiday-decorating themes. In colors ranging from creamy white or pink to the traditional bright red, some varieties have bracts with patterns in red and white, pink and white, or even green and white. Some are bright orange. They are sometimes known as the lobster flower or the flame-leaf flower because of the red color.

Unusually-colored blue and purple poinsettias are often seen in stores or garden centers. They do not grow like this. To get these colors, the white or cream-colored varieties are dyed, or spray painted, and sometimes sprinkled with glitter for a sparkling holiday effect.

Proper indoor care can help poinsettias maintain their striking appearance and increase their longevity beyond the holiday season.

Location and light:

Do not place plants in areas prone to drafts or temperature fluctuations such as near heat vents, fireplaces, appliances, doors, and cold windows, because leaf and flower drop may occur. Put them in an area with bright natural light from the south, east, or west, at least six hours daily. Avoid direct sunlight or diffuse direct light with a window shade or sheer curtain because it may fade the color of the bracts.

Temperature:

Poinsettias prefer room temperatures between 55- and 65-degrees Fahrenheit at night and 65 to 70 degrees during the day. Keep them away from cooler locations and avoid exposing them to temperatures below 50 degrees. They cannot tolerate frost or freezing temperatures.

Water:

Poinsettias require moderately moist soil. Check plants frequently and water well when the soil feels dry. However, take care to water before the plant begins to wilt. Make sure to avoid overwatering. Avoid wetting the foliage, apply water until it runs out the drainage holes and do not let the plant sit in water-filled saucers to avoid causing root rot. Remove the foil when you water your plant, allowing the poinsettia to drain completely before replacing the foil. This may seem cumbersome, but it will increase the longevity of your plant.

Fertilizing:

To maintain green foliage and promote new growth indoors after the holidays, apply a balanced all-purpose houseplant fertilizer about once a month. Always follow the directions on the fertilizer label. Poinsettias do well in the home and often keep their color until March or April.

Pests:

Poinsettias can be susceptible to pests. Careful inspection before purchasing a plant is important for avoiding pests. Keeping your plant in an ideal location and frequent inspection will help you manage pest and disease problems.

Pets:

Though they have a bad rap, poinsettia plants are only mildly toxic to cats and dogs. While poinsettias are commonly “hyped” as poisonous plants, they rarely are, and the poisoning is greatly exaggerated. But because they are “mildly” toxic, it is best to keep your plants where pets cannot reach them.

“Growing Green” is contributed by Diane Dorn, Lehigh County Extension Office Staff, and Master Gardeners. Information: Lehigh County Extension Office, 610-391-9840; Northampton County Extension Office, 610-813-6613.