Normal reactions to extraordinary events include sleep problems; eating problems; sadness, tearfulness, fear, anxiety, worry; irritability, anger; nightmares; headaches; upset stomach; trouble focusing; feeling "numb" or "fuzzy;" not wanting to go to school; not wanting to leave their "comfort zone" (with whomever or wherever that is); being "okay" at first but then "breaking down" unexpectedly and/or wanting to avoid the situation or talking about the situation

It is normal for these symptoms to persist for a few weeks. After that point, they will probably subside a little bit at a time.

Every child and every adult is different in their reactions to events like these. Some people will take longer than others to begin feeling better.

Typically speaking, individuals who are geographically closer to the event, or individuals who are in some way emotionally connected to the event, will have a stronger reaction than others. However, the media brings everyone a lot closer together. People who live in other states, for instance, may feel stronger effects of the trauma because they are seeing such a realistic representation of it on TV or through the Internet. Do not underestimate the power of vicarious traumatization. Vicarious traumatization is being traumatized by watching something, looking at pictures, or by listening to the telling of a story over and over.

What parents can say and do to help:

1. Limit exposure to media relating to the event.

2. Talk to your child about what happened, but do not give them information they do not need.

3. Let your child be your guide. Answer what they ask and nothing more. [Example: "Mom, did anyone die?" "Yes, it's sad, but some people did die." It is not necessary to give the details.]

4. Listen to what they have to say. Let them talk. Validate their emotions.

5. Be tolerant and understanding of worry, fear, sadness and anger. Be prepared to deal with these emotions and remind yourself they are normal responses given the circumstances.

6. Do whatever you can to make your child feel safe and secure.

7. Take care of yourself. As parents, we cannot help our children if we are not taking care of our own needs.

Symptoms of post-traumatic stress usually begin to slowly subside after a few weeks. If the symptoms (such as those listed above) do not improve, or get worse, it's time to see a mental health professional. Reach out to the guidance department at your child's school or you can call KidsPeace at 1-800-KPHELPS. You or your child may also like to visit www.teencentral.net for more resources.